Vitamin D And Calcium May Not Prevent Fractures

Vitamin D and calcium supplements do not prevent fractures in adult men or women, according to a report published in the journal Annals of Internal Medicine.
After discovering that there was not sufficient scientific proof to demonstrate that vitamin D and calcium supplements help protect bones from breaking in men or the majority of postmenopausal women, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (Task Force) made their final recommendation.

Studies on both vitamin D and calcium were reviewed by the Task Force before coming up with their new suggestions.

A report published last year in BMJ said the risk of fractures later in life is not lowered by a high daily calcium intake. A different report on vitamin D injections showed that they do not reduce the rate of bone fractures suffered by elderly people.

The new recommendations say that women who are postmenopausal should not take daily vitamin D doses of 400 international units or less or calcium doses of 1,000 milligrams or less.

However, women should keep taking the supplements if they are told to do so by their doctor because they are vitamin D deficient or have osteoporosis.

The experts explained:

These recommendations apply to noninstitutionalized or community-dwelling asymptomatic adults without a history of fractures. This recommendation does not apply to the treatment of persons with osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency.

The Task Force suggested that healthy men stay away from the supplements as well. This is because the risk of getting kidney stones is greater than the advantages of taking them.

However, even though calcium and vitamin D do not prevent fractures, they are both important to the health of bones.

Seventeen percent of adults in the U.S. take vitamin D and 20% take calcium supplements, even though not of all those people actually need them.

Extra vitamins are not always necessary when individuals are active and in good health.

The authors wrote:

"The USPSTF recognizes that clinical decisions involve more considerations than evidence alone. Clinicians should understand the evidence but individualize decision making to the specific patient or situation. Similarly, the USPSTF notes that policy and coverage decisions involve considerations in addition to the evidence of clinical benefits and harms."

Middle-Aged Men May Need More Protein To Maintain Muscle Mass

People tend to lose muscle mass as they age; researchers are investigating ways to delay or counteract age-related muscle loss. A study conducted by the Exercise Metabolism Research Group at McMaster University suggests that current guidelines for meat consumption are based on the protein needed to prevent deficiency without consideration for preservation of muscle mass, particularly for older individuals who are looking to maintain their muscle as they age. This research was published in the journal Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.

Thirty-five middle-aged men (~59 years old) participated in a study that found that eating a 6-ounce serving of 85% lean ground beef resulted in significant improvements in the rate of muscle protein synthesis following exercise. The investigators measured muscle protein synthesis (MPS), which is essential to the body's ongoing growth, repair and maintenance of skeletal muscle in men who did and did not lift weights. What researchers determined was that the quantity of beef needed for optimal MPS for this age group is double the current recommended serving size of meat.

"Canada's Food Guide now suggests that consuming about 3oz (0.80 g/kg/d) of meat per serving is adequate to provide protein at the recommended level," says Dr. Stuart Phillips, the study's senior author and a researcher with the Exercise Metabolism Research Group at McMaster University. "However, our work shows that the quantity of beef needed to maximize the renewal of new muscle proteins was at least 6oz in middle-aged men. Our findings have clear ramifications for the current recommendations regarding protein to prevent muscle loss in aging."